When can the infield fly rule be called?

The infield fly rule is designed to protect the offensive team when there are runners on base, specifically in situations where an infielder has the opportunity to catch a fly ball without interference. This rule is applied when there are fewer than two outs and runners on first and second base or when the bases are loaded. Thus, in the provided scenario with less than two outs and runners on first and second, the conditions are met for the infield fly rule to be invoked.

When this rule is enacted, the batter is automatically out, regardless of whether the ball is caught, which prevents the defensive team from turning a potential double play due to the runners not being forced to advance. Situations with two outs, or those that don't involve at least first and second base occupied, do not allow for the implementation of the infield fly rule. Additionally, this rule specifically applies to infield fly balls, not those that are hit to the outfield, which is why outfield situations would not satisfy the conditions for calling the infield fly rule.